How Virtual Celebrities are Permeating Physical and Social Spaces (Cho 2019)

One of our readings from last week, Leslie Jamison’s The Digital Forgotten Future, capitalizes on the idea that a life lived in the virtual world is part of a real life lived. Jamison writes that “inhabiting any life always involves reckoning with the urge to abandon it” (Jamison). In other words, Jamison defines the purpose of interactive technology such as Second Life as a necessary escape for living our human lives. However, I want to argue that Jamison’s idea is not accurate because the virtual, physical, and real world we’ve been discussing in class are becoming more and more indistinguishable, especially with the rise of virtual cultural icons. 

In Thomas Conner’s Hatsune Miku, 2.0 Pac, and Beyond, Connor writes that “transmedia fluidity” of the Muppets is what launched the world-renowned puppet franchise, even though the actual puppets have never been seen in space (Conner 137). While Muppet characters were clearly puppets with no life of their own, people still commented that “it is hard to tell where our world ends and [the Muppets’] world begins” (Conner 137). If it is so difficult to distinguish our world with those of puppets on a screen, how would we be able to differentiate the former with one of more humanly characters? 

Hatsune Miku is a Japanese virtual popstar with a set height, weight, and birthday; she has her own physical concerts in the human world as a hologram. One fan describes her as a goddess with “human parts [who] transcends human limitations,” but everyone’s view on her differs (Greenfield). Other than her physical attributes, her personal background is completely customizable. In other words, she may be more intimate with her fans than human celebrities are. After all, if someone creates Hatsune Miku’s personality and past, he or she would know everything about her. This nonliving star would be more tangible than an actual celebrity.  

This idea is further exemplified with Lil Miquela , a 19-year old social media influencer, diversity advocate, women’s rights leader, recording artist, supermodel, brand ambassador, and, most notably, a robot with 1.6 million Instagram followers. Despite her complete “virtuality," people still look up to her, saying she is more authentic than other influencers and their calculated lives (Yocom & Acevedo). Simply put, influencer robots are arguably more real than human ones because, at the very least, people know they are not physically real; unreal things are performing unrealistic actions. 

A couple weeks ago, Miquela uploaded her first Youtube vlog, meaning she is starting to participate on more platforms used for human communication. With virtual characters now actively “living” on physical stages and, albeit virtual, human spaces of interaction, such technology can’t possibly be for escaping—people can’t escape the physical to the virtual world if the real world is now a complete blend of the two. Now that we are in some shape living with virtual humans, people must decide how far we should allow this “cohabitation” with simulated characters.  



Citations

Conner, Thomas. “Hatsune Miku2.Opac, and Beyond.” The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality, vol. 1, Oxford Publisher, 2016, pp. 129–144. 

Greenfield, Rebecca. “Meet Hatsune Miku, The Japanese Pop Superstar Who Is Entirely Virtual.” Fast Company, Fast Company, 18 Apr. 2017, https://www.fastcompany.com/3037383/meet-hatsune-miku-the-japanese-pop-superstar-who-is-entirely-virtual.

Jamison, Leslie. “The Digital Ruins of a Forgotten Future.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 6 June 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/12/second-life-leslie-jamison/544149/. 

Miquela. I'm Miquela and I'm Here to Overshare, YouTube, 12 Sept. 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BAxRDyGxGdA&feature=youtu.be.

Yocom, Jaden, and Nicholas Mirzoeff. “This Influencer Is a Robot - But How Could This Influence the Future?” The Globe Post, 18 Sept. 2019, https://theglobepost.com/2019/09/18/lil-miquela-ethics/.


Comments

Sydney Otis said…
Before today's readings I had never considered virtual beings/robots and their role in physical life. I was unaware that these holographic concerts existed and had no clue that YouTube was a platform in which virtual beings existed. I think it's really interesting to question the authenticity of a virtual being. Miquela mentions the words "fake" and "real" a couple times throughout the vlog and it makes me wonder how these virtual beings are making physical/real life human beings out as fake and unauthentic. For fans to say that they find these virtual beings more authentic than human beings, I wonder what role the virtual has in the perpetuation of this idea and how the authenticity of virtual beings is built despite the fact that they are not a physical member in the complexities of society.
Maggie said…
I agree with Sydney's comment above in that I had never known about virtual beings/robots or holographic concerts until I read the readings for today's class, but I completely agree with your point that the presence of these beings further complicates the already blurry lines of the physical, virtual, and real worlds. When Carrie and Dylan and I were preparing our presentation for our last workshop (discussing the differences, benefits, and limits of these worlds), we were already having a hard time distinguishing the three worlds. Specifically how the real world could be defined vis-a-vis the other two worlds. It's simply inevitable that our increased use and reliance on technology will continue to complicate the boundaries between the physical and virtual world (what is "real" is that our lives are dependent on both of these spheres - I believe it's impossible to live completely outside of either world. It seems like the path of least resistance is just accepting that the real world will eventually be a hybrid of the physical and the virtual, if it's not that already). Our readings for today's class reminded me of an episode of Black Mirror called "Rachel, Jack, and Ashely Too" where a robot takes on the voice and livelihood of a celebrity. Eventually a computer bug causes the robot to have an independent identity on its own, basically becoming a person. The premise of Black Mirror is to highlight potentially frightening predictions in human behavior, and I think this is a good example of how our society may be tending towards a world derived from a mix of the physical and the virtual.

Your video example also made me think about how we perceive human vloggers. While your example more directly relates to a "virtual being", I was wondering if we can apply a similar perception to human vloggers (who exist in the physical world). The reason why I started thinking about this is simply because people who watch vlogs/vloggers have allowed these individuals to permeate their lives, however they will likely never meet these vloggers in real life. In that sense, to the viewer, wouldn't the vlogger only exist in the virtual world (even though they do exist in the physical world)? How might knowing these individuals are alive versus knowing the vlogger is digital affect our perception of the two? I apologize if this explanation is confusing, but I think it's definitely something interesting to think about, and maybe we can discuss it at large in class.
Elaine said…
The blurred line between the physical and virtual world is an idea that I fear and therefore avoid thinking too much about. Having attended Catholic school for seven years, the ideas of human dignity and “God-given” rights have been seared into my brain. I was taught that our human-ness is derived from God and God alone. Games like second life and the emergence of virtual entertainers like Hatsune Miku and Lil Miquela challenge this idea. For the first time, we, as humans, are forced to truly confront the question: What makes humans human? Will we have to attach human value to virtual characters, or will the emergence of virtual characters cause us to devalue our human-ness? With all the laws that are founded on ideas of “God-given” human rights and values, what effect with the growing popularity of virtual beings have on national and international politics? Will we have to give “rights” to virtual beings?
Unknown said…
When I first watched this video and looked up Miquela I was impressed about how hard it was to distinguish her from an actual person. I say impressed but a more accurate world is probably horrified. It scared me how accurate these digital forms can look, both in digital and automata form. It reminded me of digital mapping software which allows a celebrities face to be put on top of an actual persons face. This type of digital manipulation could be catastrophic because it could become impossible to know whether a person is actually speaking for themselves or if they are an imposter. There are so many terrifying uses of this technology and it can lead to so much distrust in future society. (Also i find it very ironic that the button below requires us to check that "I'm not a robot" before posting, because that is along the same lines"
Josh said…
Idk why that comment above posted as unknown but it was me Josh :)
Roschan Rao said…
After I got over my initial shock at the concept of completely virtual social media influencers, I noticed that you described Lil Miquela as a "diversity advocate" and "women's rights leader." I am very conflicted about this, about virtual presences advocating for equality. On the one hand, Lil Miquela is using her (her? its?) platform to promote a positive, inclusive message, which is something I can get behind. But I think this brings up a lot of questions that surround the #MeToo movement in general -- can someone who has never experienced sexism, racism, etc truly advocate against them? I think usually these questions surround white men because their privilege often causes them to say things like "I have a daughter, I have black friends, etc, so I understand" which just undermines the entire experience of discrimination and further proves their own privilege. I think it's possible to make the argument that Lil Miquela, as a female figure, can push a feminist agenda, but can she? Does she experience sexism the way women do? Is she appropriating experiences of women that she herself has not had? Does she strengthen or weaken feminism and other pushes for equality?
I think this post does a great job extending the theme of seamlessness we've referenced in class so far to our readings on virtual celebrities. I was familiar with Lil Miquela before, but I had never seen her YouTube videos before. I'm a little terrified... I'm so shocked by how realistic she is, from her hand motions, to eye movements, to cadence. And the video editing is eerily on trend with the content of other teen YouTubers succeeding on the platform at the moment. I looked at some of the comments on the video to get a feel for the general reaction. I'm shocked at how many of the comments are actually recommendations on how to make her MORE realistic! There was one comment that recommended she lean into her "artificial qualities" a bit more. Overall I'm just really surprised by the amount of genuine engagement with this robot. I also thought of Maggies' point about how we perceive human vloggers as they function as "virtual beings" in our lives. The central tension of Lil Miquela is whether she is real or fake. Perhaps this is the point? Does Lil Miquela's existence as a completely "unreal" influencer expose the fakeness of real celebrity and influencer culture? Or, because everything Lil Miquela does is constructed and controlled by the humans that manufactured her, is Lil Miquela also, partially, real?
I found your blog really intriguing, and I think your point regarding the limits and unhelpfulness of a binaristic construction of escapism is really insightful. I do, however, think that there are still existent difference between the physical world and the virtual one – including the humans, and humanoids, that occupy it. One thing your blog made me think of is the attraction of such figures as Miquela the fact that they aren’t real, and the fact that we can then craft them (in potentially inauthentic ways) into exactly what we want them to be? Do we want to see these figures as more “authentic” simply because unto them we can imprint a more ideal version of ourselves? Does that really constitute authenticity? I think this is an interesting question, because I think I struggle in the idea that enjoyment or appeal equates with authenticity or authentic presence. What is authenticity? I think by nature authenticity implies flaws and unintentional faults, and though we might certainly enjoy a perfectly crafted thing, does that really make it authentic?
Dylan said…
I'm really interested in the concept of virtual celebrities and I wonder why so many people view her as more "authentic" than other internet personalities. Perhaps it's because she's authentic in the sense that she doesn't hide how fake she is? A lot of internet celebrities try to look like Miquela, but since their audience knows they're a real person it can come off as inauthentic. With virtual celebrities, their audience knows they're not real, so how perfect they are is, in a way, authentic. I think this makes me question what "authentic" actually means. Is it physical realness? Emotional realness? Acceptance and admittance of who you are? A combination?